See biswiken in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"beswīcan",
"beswican#Old_English"
],
[
"*biswīkwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biswīkwan"
],
[
"*sweyg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sweyg-"
],
[
"beswik",
"beswik#Scots"
],
[
"beswick",
"beswick#Scots"
],
[
"bezwijken",
"bezwijken#Dutch"
],
[
"biswīhhan",
"biswihhan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"svikja",
"svikja#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beswīcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to deceive, seduce, entice"
},
"expansion": "Old English beswīcan (“to deceive, seduce, entice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*biswīkwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *biswīkwan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, move around, wander, swing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beswik"
},
"expansion": "Scots beswik",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bezwijken",
"3": "",
"4": "to succumb"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bezwijken (“to succumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "biswīhhan",
"3": "",
"4": "to deceive, seduce, capture"
},
"expansion": "Old High German biswīhhan (“to deceive, seduce, capture”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "svikja",
"3": "",
"4": "to betray"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic svikja (“to betray”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English beswīcan (“to deceive, seduce, entice”), from Proto-West Germanic *biswīkwan, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”). Cognate with Scots beswik, beswick (“to beguile, deceive”), Dutch bezwijken (“to succumb”), Old High German biswīhhan (“to deceive, seduce, capture”), Icelandic svikja (“to betray”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beswiken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beswyke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "be-swyke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "biswiken",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "biswiketh",
"2": "biswikynge",
"3": "biswok",
"4": "biswiken"
},
"expansion": "biswiken (third-person singular simple present biswiketh, present participle biswikynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative biswok, past participle biswiken)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swik",
"2": "swok",
"3": "swik",
"4": "swik",
"c": "1",
"pf": "bi",
"w": "ede"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 29 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Deception",
"orig": "enm:Deception",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To deceive or cheat."
],
"id": "en-biswiken-enm-verb-Q5s5tbnE",
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deceive or cheat."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 29 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lure or seduce; to attract with temptation."
],
"id": "en-biswiken-enm-verb-7OYBcKmV",
"links": [
[
"lure",
"lure"
],
[
"seduce",
"seduce"
],
[
"attract",
"attract"
],
[
"temptation",
"temptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lure or seduce; to attract with temptation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 29 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 98 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To kill or slay."
],
"id": "en-biswiken-enm-verb-oKOq-Mmp",
"links": [
[
"kill",
"kill"
],
[
"slay",
"slay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To kill or slay."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 29 19 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 24 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To withhold or confiscate (something owed)"
],
"id": "en-biswiken-enm-verb-4p1r3ENj",
"links": [
[
"withhold",
"withhold"
],
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"owed",
"owed#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To withhold or confiscate (something owed)"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/biˈswiːkən/"
}
],
"word": "biswiken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English class 1 strong verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Deception"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"beswīcan",
"beswican#Old_English"
],
[
"*biswīkwan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/biswīkwan"
],
[
"*sweyg-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sweyg-"
],
[
"beswik",
"beswik#Scots"
],
[
"beswick",
"beswick#Scots"
],
[
"bezwijken",
"bezwijken#Dutch"
],
[
"biswīhhan",
"biswihhan#Old_High_German"
],
[
"svikja",
"svikja#Icelandic"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "beswīcan",
"4": "",
"5": "to deceive, seduce, entice"
},
"expansion": "Old English beswīcan (“to deceive, seduce, entice”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*biswīkwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *biswīkwan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*sweyg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, move around, wander, swing"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "beswik"
},
"expansion": "Scots beswik",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "bezwijken",
"3": "",
"4": "to succumb"
},
"expansion": "Dutch bezwijken (“to succumb”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "biswīhhan",
"3": "",
"4": "to deceive, seduce, capture"
},
"expansion": "Old High German biswīhhan (“to deceive, seduce, capture”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "svikja",
"3": "",
"4": "to betray"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic svikja (“to betray”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English beswīcan (“to deceive, seduce, entice”), from Proto-West Germanic *biswīkwan, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”). Cognate with Scots beswik, beswick (“to beguile, deceive”), Dutch bezwijken (“to succumb”), Old High German biswīhhan (“to deceive, seduce, capture”), Icelandic svikja (“to betray”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikynge",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1 or weak in -ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswok",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikeden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiketh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswikende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiked",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "beswiken",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "beswyke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "be-swyke",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biswiche",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "biswike",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "biswiken",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "biswiketh",
"2": "biswikynge",
"3": "biswok",
"4": "biswiken"
},
"expansion": "biswiken (third-person singular simple present biswiketh, present participle biswikynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative biswok, past participle biswiken)",
"name": "enm-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "swik",
"2": "swok",
"3": "swik",
"4": "swik",
"c": "1",
"pf": "bi",
"w": "ede"
},
"name": "enm-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To deceive or cheat."
],
"links": [
[
"deceive",
"deceive"
],
[
"cheat",
"cheat"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To deceive or cheat."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To lure or seduce; to attract with temptation."
],
"links": [
[
"lure",
"lure"
],
[
"seduce",
"seduce"
],
[
"attract",
"attract"
],
[
"temptation",
"temptation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To lure or seduce; to attract with temptation."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To kill or slay."
],
"links": [
[
"kill",
"kill"
],
[
"slay",
"slay"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To kill or slay."
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"Middle English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To withhold or confiscate (something owed)"
],
"links": [
[
"withhold",
"withhold"
],
[
"confiscate",
"confiscate"
],
[
"owed",
"owed#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, rare) To withhold or confiscate (something owed)"
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/biˈswiːkən/"
}
],
"word": "biswiken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for biswiken meaning in Middle English (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.